Media Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Studies - Essay ExampleThe weakness of this, however, is that it may sideline other important issues which deserve attention (Gilbert, 3). It may also alter how the public views certain matters, like matters of little importance into a very important issue while those rattling important may be ignored (Gilbert, 3). Through the powerful media, scandals may also have an effect on how the public puts their trust on the government, which may produce confusion, insecurity or even a revolt (Gilbert, 3). Scandals may also become the basis for a countrys democracy, besides may still depend on polar factors including the culture of a country (Gilbert, 9). The treatment of the public on issues concerning money, power and sex may vary for different cultures or change in time (Gilbert, 9). For instance, the sexual scandal previously involving the President, was not noticeable before not because of deficient media information but much into delineating that which is public and private (Gilbert, 9). This perception however waned and became a significant issue on people (Gilbert, 9).One way on how groups are presented in a biased way through the media is in photography for instance. Stereotyping is common especially if a group is of color or some ethnic group, creating either an assentient or a negative image (Public Broadcasting Service, 1). Photographers involved in photojournalism take into consideration the significance of managing an image and the representation it makes to other people but nevertheless show some bias especially if the audience is white or not belonging to such ethnicity or race (Public Broadcasting Service, 1).The offset of a certain story presented by the media can also reflect some bias as to the political perspective (Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, 1). Media may rely on the government, established think tank, corporate sources

Critical Thinking Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Thinking Development - Essay ExampleIn our free-and-easy life we have a lot of decisions to make, important and ordinary both. One can apply the techniques of critical thinking in solving the problems of daily life. As a citizen I can apply the techniques off critical thinking in my daily life. For example, in my daily life, how should I manage my priorities and my time, all these aspects are important factors of life that can be well managed by the principles of critical thinking. For example, my personal experience tells me that the moon is largest after it has risen over the eastern thought or the time when it just sets on the western survey. It is smallest when it is in the night sky above my head. It is clear to me that it is true I have seen it several propagation with my own eyes. But what my personal experience tells me regarding this fact is false in a way. The apparent increase in the size of the moon when it is near the horizon is actually an optical illusio n. In fact, the moon is neither closer to Earth nor does its actual size increase when it is closer to the horizon than when it is directly above my head. For many a(prenominal) of us, our personal experiences seem to be the most coercing kind of evidence on which to base our beliefs. But, as the example of the illusion of the moon shows us, compelling personal experiences may result us in believing which is not true. Here, critical thinking helps in searching for the right and correct conclusion which satisfies our mind. In case of direction and learning, there can be several different strategies used in critical thinking like think/pair/share, jigsaw, one stay other(a) stray, reciprocal teaching, mini-lecture, active lessoning and so on. Among these different strategies I have to select the appropriate method with regard to my subject, content and topic of instruction. Moreover, the main factors of the selection of outline also depend upon the number of students, intellectual level of students, individual differences, geography of classroom etc. The education system is the brain of society and is correctly called the guts of any system. Similarly mathematics is called as the mirror of civilization and takes an important and considerable place in the curriculum of higher level of studies. These days, not except mathematics but also social sciences are becoming more and more mathematical. Therefore, teaching mathematics is very much important and essential in different aspects of learning. As a teacher, promoting critical thinking and problem solving in the subject of mathematics is crucial in the future development of no-hit students. Critical thinking and problem solving go hand in hand and in order to learn mathematics through problem solving, the students must(prenominal) know and learn how to think critically. In my belief, there are two values of teaching through critical thinking techniques. 1) Critical thinking focuses the students concern on ideas and sense making rather than cramming their course. 2) It develops the students belief that they are capable of doing mathematics and that mathematics does make sense. The main objective is to help the students to become familiar of the fact that the problem solving is not a special area but instead it uses the same logical techniques to which they are already familiar with and use in their daily

Death Penalty should be Illegal Essay Example for Free

Death Penalty should be Illegal EssayEach year in America there argon about 250 people added to death row and 35 executed. The death penalty is the harshest form of punishment in the United States today. Once the jury has proved a criminal guilty they go to the second part of the trial the punishment phase. Lethal injection is the most common form of death.Capital penalty is a difficult issue and there are as many different opinions as there are people. In this country Capital Punishment is not allowed but in America it is legal and it should not be. I hypothesise that Capital Punishment should be made illegal in America. The reasons I think that this should be illegal are. Firstly it is possible to execute someone who is innocent. If this does happen it cannot be undone whereas if they had been put in jail they could be released and given compensation. secondly I think that death penalty is almost not a punishment because you are not around to be punished like if you were in jail with the poor living conditions and no freedom.The opposing side strongest argument would be in 1991 a young mother was rendered helpless and made to draw as her baby was executed. The mother was then mutilated and killed. The killer should not live in some prison with three meals a day, clean sheets, cable system TV, family visits and endless appeals. For justice to prevail, some killers just need to die.Another reason I think that Capital Punishment should be made illegal is that life story imprisonment without parole serves the same purposes as this at less cost. Right now, to execute someone in The U.S it costs approximately three times the do it would to have them serve a life sentence in prison. The money used to pay for the death row (including court appeals) comes out of the taxpayers wallets. If Capital Punishment was made illegal, this money could go to other projects in need of the funds like building new prisons.A while ago in Britain, a man was released from p rison who was wronglyaccused of committing murder. He had been sentenced to life imprisonment, for this murder. While he was in prison he always master(prenominal)tained he was innocent. It took long time on campaigning while he was in prison to prove that he actually was innocent. If such a crime like this had been committed in America he could have been put on death row and been executed. If later on they found out he was innocent there would be nothing they could do to bring him back to life. In Britain the man was released and given compensation. There have been cases in America where innocent people have been executed, and this is the main reason I think it should be illegal.I hope most of you will now see the reasons why capital punishment is a brag of time and should not be made legal.

Social network service Essay Example for Free

Social net consummation service EssayInternet is recently one of the fast, convenient ways for slew to communicate with other raft around the world. Especially with social networking posts, people are now able to create their own world online. They end do all the things they want to do even things they cant do them in their true(a) lives. Most likely, teenagers are a great come of users and members of the networking sites such as Myspace, Hi5, Facebook and Friendster. They usually get online and join those sites on their free time. Adults are not exceptions here, they use networking sites to do research, communicate with others or do their work online.In some aspects, those networking sites have shared the bad publicity of identity theft, false profiles, and online predators. In fact, those things have happened recently because social networking sites can not get over what kind of people will be online and join their sites, so the risks are obviously not created by their faults. Despite of those bad publicities, social networking are stillness popularfor their great functions and features. Specially, creating a comfortable entertain atmosphere, helping people improve their social skills, and providing interesting information for users to learn and expand their knowledge.First, social networking sites create a comfortable entertain atmosphere that people can access anytime when they are at home. These sites are like playground where people can find things to do. For example, for bored people, it is probably a good place for them to spend their time. Moreover, these social networking sites allow people to create a personal profile in order to grasp in touch with old friends, make new friends and even to look for a date online. For instance, we have been using Yahoo for two years, and we were surprised that this site helped us to reunite my old friends in high school in Manila.It was amazing that we also have a lot of new friendships since we have a pply it. Moreover,social networking sites also encourage people to create their own profiles, which can include their personal information, their interest, their photo slides, blog entries and even music clips. These are great features because people can share not only their information with others but also share their interests and hobbies as well. Some people write their dairies in blogs, where entries are make in journal style, to share with others and allow people to post comments in comment box.Therefore,social networking sites are good places for people to make friends and express their feelings with online world. Next, another payoff of social networking sites is helping people to practice and improve their social skills. Just like talking on the phone, socialization on the internet give people chances to think about their conversation and have more time to think how to response. Thus, this kind of socializing is more convenience than face-to-face interaction. It is a good opportunity for them to experiment with greetings and response, especially with kids and teenagers w ho are anxious when they involve in conversations.Moreover, social networking sites are also useful for people with special need can express themselves, including thought and feeling, more easily and without fear of being teased or rejection they may have in real tone. Specially, for people with learnedness disabilities, these sites help them to socialize anonymously. For instance, they can present different personas or act as people who they really are when they create profiles online, because in real life they dont have chances to be themselves in some ways.By using these sites, they will have a great experience with initiating and maintaining online friendships. They will turn over more confident and improve their social skills, which they may carry over into real life and give them courage to maintain friendship in real life. So you see, there are a lot of things that are goi ng on with these social networking sites. Thats the reason why we chose this topic. We wanted to know the personal effects brought by social networking sites to fourth year students, particularly to the fourth year students of IV- Love of the College of the Holy Spirit of Tarlac.

Slack Bus And Slack Generator

Slack double-decker And Slack GeneratorThe Table below shows input data of individually managerbar in the system used to solve the tycoon attend and the simulation result according to instruction described in question 1. heapInput Data wile Result flock topology 1puP ( core) coke MWQ (load)0 Mvar agglomerate 2P (load)200 MWQ (load)100 MvarCB of contemporaries circularise passenger vehicle 31 puP (Gen)200 MWP (load)100 MWQ (load)50 MvarAVROnAGCOffSlack passel and slack reservoirIn indicator prey calculation, unique numerical solution open firenot be calculated without reference potential magnitude and incline due to unequal egress of unknown variables and independent equations. The slack sight is the reference sight where its potentiality is considered to be fixed voltage magnitude and angle (10), so that the various voltage angle variance among the slewes stub be calculated respect. In addition, the slack generator supplies as much original male monarch and r eactive causation as needed for balancing the power campaign considering power coevals, load demand and losses in the system while keep the voltage unremitting as 10. In real power system, when relatively weak system is linked to the larger system via a single bus, this bus stern represent the large system with an combining weight generator keeping the voltage ageless and generating any necessary power like slack bus. 1 omnibus attribute (PQ bus or PV bus) coach four-in-hand typeComments wad 2PQ cumulusGenerator is dis attached to raft 2BUS 3PV BusGenerator is connected to Bus 3 and the magnitude of voltage of generator keep constant by utilise AVRIn general, individually bus in the power system can be categorized into three bus types such as Slack Bus, Load (PQ) Bus, and Voltage Controlled (PV) Bus. The definition and oddment among PQ Bus and PV Bus be described as follows 2PV Bus (Generator Bus or Voltage Controlled Bus) It is a bus at which the magnitude of the bus voltage is kept constant by the generator. Even though the bus has several generators and load, if any generators connected to the bus regulate the bus voltage with AVR, because this bus is referred to PV Bus. For PV bus, the magnitude of the bus voltage and real power supplied to the system are specified, and reactive power and angle of the bus voltage are wherefore determined. If a preset maximum and minimum reactive power limit is attained, the reactive output of the generator remains at the limited values, so the bus can be considered as PQ Bus instead of PV Bus. 2PQ Bus (Load Bus) It is a bus at which the voltage is changed depending on total net real power and reactive power of loads and generators without voltage regulator. Therefore, in the power simulation and calculation, the real power and reactive power of the loads are specified as input data and accordingly the voltage (magnitude and angle) is calculated based on the above input.The following parry specifies input and output of each bus type in the power system simulation and calculation.Bus TypePQ(Magnitude) (Angle)PQ BusInputInput createOutputPV BusInputOutputInputOutputSlack BusOutputOutputInputInputSystem BalanceTotal propagation Load DemandBUSReal major power (MW)Imaginary Power (Mvar)GenerationLoadGenerationLoadBUS 1204.09310056.2400BUS 202000100BUS 3200100107.40450Total404.093400163.644150DifferencePgen Pdemand = 4.093Qgen Qstored in load = 13.644 creator Real power loss due to resistance of transmission line and imaginary power retention due to reactance of transmission line are the reasons for the dissimilarity amid power multiplication and load demand in the system.P (Losses) Q (Storage) over the transmission lineBUSReal Power (MW)Imaginary Power (Mvar)SendingReceivingLossesSendingReceivingStoredBUS 1 BUS 2102.714100.6502.06456.65349.7736.88BUS 1 BUS 31.3791.3780.0010.4141)0.4131)0.001BUS 3 BUS 2101.37899.3502.02856.99050.2276.763TotalPlosses =4.093Qstored in load =13. 6441) Imaginary power flows from Bus 3 to Bus 1.The amount of real power losses and imaginary power storage over the transmission line are exactly same with total difference between generation and load. Therefore, it is verified that the difference is shown over the transmission line.Kirchoff counterpoise as each bus 4Bus1 P1 = + Pgen1 Pload1 P12 P13 = 204.093 100 102.714 1.379 = 0 Q1 = + Qgen1 Qload1 Q12 Q13 = 56.24 0 56.653 + 0.413 = 0Bus2 P2 = + Pgen2 Pload2 P21 P23 = 0 200 + 100.65 + 99.35 = 0 Q2 = + Qgen2 Qload2 Q21 Q23 = 0 100 + 49.773 + 50.227 = 0BUS3 P3 = + Pgen3 Pload3 P31 P32 = 200 100 + 1.378 101.378 = 0 Q3 = + Qgen3 Qload3 Q31 Q32 = 107.404 50 0.414 56.99 = 0According to the calculation above, as summation of incoming outgoing real power and imaginary power at each bus become nil, it is verified that each busbar obeys a Kirchoff balance. In addition, the total power system is completely balanced, because total generation power (real ima ginary) are equal to summation of total load demand and real power loss stored imaginary power over the transmission (i.e. Pgen Pdemand = Plosses, Qgen Qstored in load = Q stored in system) as shown above.Voltage Angle and Angle DifferenceAs a result of the Powerworld, the voltage angle and angle difference are shown in the table below.BUSVoltage AngleVoltage Angle DifferenceBUS11 = 0.00BUS1- BUS21 2 = 0.00 (-2.5662) = 2.5662BUS22 = -2.5662BUS2- BUS32 3 = -2.5662 (-0.043) = -2.5232BUS33 = -0.043BUS3- BUS13 1 = -0.043 0.00 = -0.043Power System Analysis -1The table below summarizes generation and voltage angle variation at each bus as generation at Bus 3 varies from 0 MW to 450 MW by 50MW.Simulation Results and ObservationP3 = 0 MWP3 = 50 MWP3 = 100 MWP3 = 150 MWP3 = 250 MWP3 = 300 MWP3 = 350 MWP3 = 400 MWP3 = 450 MWReactive Power Generation at Bus 3 It is found that reactive power generation Q3(gen) decrease while real power generation P3(gen) increase because Bus 3 as a PV Bus regulates the constant bus voltage magnitude by controlling excitation of the generation through the AVR.Power Generation at Bus 1 It is found that P1(gen) decreases and Q1(gen) increases simultaneously, while P3(gen) increases and Q3(gen) decrease. As the total load demand in the system keeps constant (i.e. Ptotal(load) = 400 MW, Qtotal(load) = 150Mvar), any necessary real power and reactive power for the system balance need to be supplied by generator (slack generator) at Bus 1. Therefore, power generation P1(gen) and Q1(gen) at Bus 1 change reversely compared to power generation change at Bus 3.Voltage Angle Difference In general, real power flow is influenced by voltage angle difference between sending bus and receiving bus according to PR =. Therefore, it is observed that as real power generation P3(gen) increases real power flow from Bus 3 to Bus2 increase, accordingly voltage angle difference (3 2) between Bus 3 and Bus 2 increases. However, decrease in real power from B us 1 to Bus 2 due to increase of P3(gen) result in decrease of voltage angle difference (1 2). In addition, Real power between Bus 1 and Bus 3 flows from Bus 1 to Bus 3 until P3(gen) reach to 200 MW and as P3(gen) increase more than 200 MW the real power flows from Bus 3 to Bus 1. So, it is also observed that voltage angle difference (3 1) is contradict angle when P3(gen) is less than 200MW and the difference increase while P3(gen) increase.Power System Analysis -2The table below summarizes the variation of power generation and voltage angle difference at each bus when the load demand at Bus 3 varies by 50MW and 25Mvar.Simulation Results and ObservationP2 = 0 MW Q2 = 0 MWP2 = 50 MW Q2 = 25 MWP2 = 100 MW Q2 = 50 MWP2 = 150 MW Q2 = 75 MWP2 = 250 MW Q2 = 125 MWP2 = 300 MW Q2 = 150 MWP2 = 350 MW Q2 = 175 MWP2 = 400 MW Q2 = 200 MWP2 = 450 MW Q2 = 225 MWPower Generation at Bus 1 and Bus 3 It is observed that as the total load demand in the system increases due to increase of load deman d P2(load) Q2(load) at Bus 2, any necessary real power for the system balance is supplied by generator (slack generator) at Bus 1 considering constant P3(gen), so P1(gen) increases. In addition, any necessary reactive power for the system balance is supplied from Bus 1 as well as Bus 3, so both Q1(gen) and Q3(gen) increase.Voltage Angle Difference It is found that real power flow increase both from Bus 1 to Bus 2 and from Bus 3 to Bus 2 due to increase of load demand at Bus2. Accordingly, both voltage angle difference 1 2 and 3 2 increase when the power flow P12 and P32 increase. In addition, when P2(load) is less than 200 MW, P1gen is relatively low. Therefore real power between Bus 3 and Bus 1 flows from Bus 3 to Bus 1 at lower P2(load) (less than 200MW). On the other hand, while P2(load) increase more than 200 MW, the real power flow direction changes (Bus 1 to Bus 3) and the real power flow increases. Accordingly, the voltage angle difference 1 3 change from negative to per emptory and increase.Voltage Magnitude at Bus 2 It is observed that magnitude of bus voltage at Bus2 drops due to increase of the load demand at Bus 2.Question 2System Model admission charge MatrixIn order to construct the admittance hyaloplasm of Powerworld B3 case, single phase equivalent circuit can be drawn as belowz = r + jx (r = 0, x = 0.05)z12 = z21= j0.05 pu, y12 = 1/ z12 = 1/j0.05 = -j20 pu = y12z13 = z31= j0.05 pu, y13 = 1/ z13 = 1/j0.05 = -j20 pu = y31z23 = z32= j0.05 pu, y23 = 1/ z23 = 1/j0.05 = -j20 pu = y32Admittance matrix can be defined as followsBUS =Diagonal elements Y(i,i) of the admittance matrix, called as the self-admittance lecture slide 6, are the summation of all admittance connected with BUS i.= y12 + y13 = -j20 j20 = -j40 pu= y21 + y23 = -j20 j20 = -j40 pu= y31 + y32 = -j20 j20 = -j40 puOff diagonal elements Y(i,j) of the admittance matrix, called as the mutual admittance lecture slide 6, are negative admittance between BUS i and BUS j.= y12 = -(-j2 0) = j20 pu = y13 = -(-j20) = j20 pu= y21 = -(-j20) = j20 pu = y23 = -(-j20) = j20 pu= y31 = -(-j20) = j20 pu = y32 = -(-j20) = j20 puTherefore, the final admittance matrix BUS isBUS = =The following figure shows the BUS of the Powerworld B3 case and it is verified that the calculated admittance matrix is consistent with the result of the Powerworld.Power Flow CalculationNodal equation with the admittance matrix can be used to calculate voltage at each bus if we know all the current (i.e. total generation power and load demand at each BUS) and finally the power flow can be calculated accordingly., therefore,In this question, however, simulation results of the voltage at each bus from the Powerworld are used for the power flow calculation as followsSimulation resultVoltage at each Bus and Voltage DifferenceV1 = 1 0.00 pu (BUS1) V2 = 1 -0.48 pu (BUS2) V3 = 1 0.48 pu (BUS 3)Voltage difference between BUS 1 and BUS 2V12 = V1 V2 = 1 0.00 1 -0.48 = 3.5 x 10-5 + j 8.38 x 10-3 = 8.38 x 10-3 89.76 puV21 = V2 V1 = V12 = 3.5 x 10-5 j 8.38 x 10-3 = 8.38 x 10-3 -90.24 puVoltage difference between BUS 3 and BUS 2V32 = V3 V2 = 1 0.48 1 -0.48 = j 16.76 x 10-3 = 16.76 x 10-3 90 puV23 = V2 V3 = V32 = j 16.76 x 10-3 = -16,76 x 10-3 -90 puVoltage difference between BUS 3 and BUS 1V31 = V3 V1 = 1 0.48 1 0.00 = 3.5 x 10-5 + j 8.38 x 10-3 = 8.38 x 10-3 90.24 puV13 = V1 V3 = V31 = 3.5 x 10-5 j 8.38 x 10-3 = 8.38 x 10-3 -89.76 puLine CurrentCurrent flow from BUS i and BUS j can be calculated by using voltage difference and interconnected admittance of the line between buses. Iij = yij * (Vi Vj) Line current between BUS 1 and BUS 2I12 = y12 x (V1 V2) = -j20 x 8.38 x 10-3 89.76 = 167.6 x 10-3 -0.24 pu (BUS 1 BUS 2)I21 = y21 x (V2 V1) = -j20 x 8.38 x 10-3 -90.24 = 167.6 x 10-3 -180.24 pu (BUS 2 BUS 1)Line current between BUS 3 and BUS 2I32 = y32 x (V3 V2) = -j20 x 16.76 x 10-3 90 = 335.2 x 10-3 0.00 pu (BUS 3 BUS 2)I23 = y23 x (V2 V3) = -j20 x 16.76 x 10-3 -90 = 335.2 x 10-3 180 pu (BUS 2 BUS 3)Line current between BUS 3 and BUS 1I31 = y31 x (V3 V1) = -j20 x 8.38 x 10-3 90.24 = 167.6 x 10-3 0.24 pu (BUS 3 BUS 1)I13 = y13 x (V1 V3) = -j20 x 8.38 x 10-3 -89.76 = 167.6 x 10-3 -179.76 pu (BUS 1 BUS 3) homely Power Flow observable flow from BUS i and BUS j can be calculated by voltage at the sending bus and line current. Sij = Vi * I*ij Apparent Power from BUS 1 to BUS 2S12 = V1* I*12 = 1 0.00 x 167.6 x 10-3 0.24 = 167.6 x 10-3 0.24 = 0.1676 + j 7.02 x 10-4 puApparent Power from BUS 2 to BUS 1S21=V2* I*21=1-0.48 x 167.6 x 10-3180.24=167.6 x 10-3179.76 = -0.1676 + j7.02 x 10-4 puApparent Power from BUS 3 to BUS 2S32 = V3* I*32 = 1 0.48 x 335.2 x 10-3 0.00 = 335.2 x 10-3 0.48 = 0.3352 + j 2.81 x 10-3 puApparent Power from BUS 2 to BUS 3S23=V2* I*23=1 -0.48 x 335.2 x 10-3 180= 335.2 x 10-3 179.76 = -0.3352 + j 2.81 x 10-3 puApparent Power from BUS 3 to BUS 1S31 = V3* I*31 = 10.48 x 167.6 x 10-3-0.24 = 167.6 x 10-3 0.24 = 0.1676 + j 7.02 x 10-4 puApparent Power from BUS 1 to BUS 3S13=V1* I*13=10.00 x 167.6 x 10-3179.76= 167.6 x 10-3179.76 = -0.1676 + j 7.02 x 10-4 puComparison with simulation resultsThe unit of the above calculation results is pu value, so in order to compare the results with simulation results pu value of current and power flow need to be converted to actual values by using the following equation considering Sbase = 100MVA and Vline_base = 345kV. 3Sactual = Sbase - Spu = 100 MVA - SpuIactual = Ibase - Ipu = - Ipu = - Ipu = 167.3479 A - IpuCalculation Result and Simulation ResultFlow direction ValueCalculation ResultSimulation ResultBUS 1 BUS 2S120.1676 - 100 = 16.76 MVA16.67 MVAP1216.76 MW16.67 MWQ120.0702 Mvar0.07 MvarI120.1676 - 167.3479 = 28.0475 A27.89 ABUS 3 BUS 2S320.3352 - 100 = 33.52 MVA33.33 MVAP3233.52 MW33.33 MWQ320.281 Mvar0.28 MvarI320.3352 - 167.3479 = 56.0950 A55.78 ABUS 3 BUS 1S310.1676 - 100 = 16.76 MVA16.67 MVAP3116.76 MW16.67 MWQ310.0702 Mvar0.07 MvarI310.1676 - 167.3479 = 2 8.0475 A27.89 ABUS 2 BUS 1S210.1676 - 100 = 16.76 MVA16.67 MVAP21-16.76 MW-16.67 MWQ210.0702 Mvar0.07 MvarI210.1676 - 167.3479 = 28.0475 A27.89 ABUS 2 BUS 3S230.3352 - 100 = 33.52 MVA33.33 MVAP23-33.52 MW-33.33 MWQ230.281 Mvar0.28 MvarI230.3352 - 167.3479 = 56.0950 A55.78 ABUS 1 BUS 3S130.1676 - 100 = 16.76 MVA16.67 MVAP13-16.76 MW-16.67 MWQ130.0702 Mvar0.07 MvarI130.1676 - 167.3479 = 28.0475 A27.89 AIt is found that calculation results of current flow and apparent power flows (i.e. 28.0475 A and 56.0950 A/ 33.52 MVA and 16.76MVA) are most 0.5 % higher than simulation result (i.e. 27.89 A and 55.78 A / 33.33 MVA and 16.67 MVA) which can be considered slightly different. Difference of the voltage angle at each bus between calculation (0.48) and simulation (0.4775) could be the reason for this minor difference.Question 3Admittance Matrix and Nodal EquationAdmittance between two busesy12 = y21 = -j8 pu y13 = y31 = -j4 pu y14 = y41 = -j2.5 puy23 = y32 = -j4 pu y24 = y42 = -j5 puy30 = -j0.8 pu (BUS3-Neutral BUS) y40 = -j0.8 pu (BUS4-Neutral BUS)Admittance MatrixYbus (Admittance Matrix) =Diagonal elements Y(i,i) of the admittance matrix, called as the self-admittance 2 4, are the summation of all admittance connected with BUS i.= y12 + y13 + y14 = -j8 -j4 j2.5 = -j14.5= y21 + y23 + y24 = -j8 -j4 j5 = -j17= y30 + y31 + y32 = -j08 -j4 j4 = -j8.8= y40 + y41 + y42 = -j0.8 -j2.5 j5 = -j8.3Off diagonal elements Y(i,j) of the admittance matrix, called as the mutual admittance 2 4, are negative admittance between BUS i and BUS j.= y12 = -(-j8) = j8 pu = y13 = -(-j4) = j4 pu = y14 = -(-j2.5) = j2.5 pu= y21 = -(-j8) = j8 pu = y23 = -(-j4) = j4 pu = y24 = -(-j5) = j5 pu= y31 = -(-j4) = j4 pu = y32 = -(-j4) = j4 pu = y34 = 0 pu= y41 = -(-j2.5) = j2.5 pu = y42 = -(-j5) = j5 pu = y43 = 0 puTherefore, admittance matrix Ybus is as followsYbus = =Power Flow AnalysisPower flow ignoring transmission line capacitanceNodal EquationCurrent from the neutral bus to each bus are given and admittance matrix (Ybus) is calculated above. Therefore, final nodal equation is as followsIbus = Ybus * Vbus Vbus = Y-1bus * Ibus= Ybus ==Voltage AnalysisVoltage at each bus can be derived from the equation (Vbus = Y-1bus * Ibus) and Matlab was used for calculate matrix division. (Source code is attached in Appendix-1)Vbus ==V12 = 0.0034 + j 0.0031 pu V13 = -0.0277 j 0.0257 pu V14 = 0.0336 + j 0.0311 puV21 = -0.0034 j 0.0031 pu V23 = -0.0311 j 0.0288 pu V24 = 0.0302 + j 0.0280 puV31 = 0.0277 + j 0.0257 pu V32 = 0.0311 + j 0.0288 puV41 = -0.0336 j 0.0311 pu V42 = -0.0302 j 0.0280 puCurrent flow in the systemCurrent flow from BUS i and BUS j can be calculated by using voltage difference and interconnected admittance of the line between buses. Iij = yij * (Vi Vj) The calculation result from Matlab is as followsI12 = 0.0249 j 0.0269 pu I13 = -0.1026 + j 0.1108 pu I14 = 0.0777 j 0.0840 puI21 = -0.0249 + j 0.0269 pu I23 = -0.1151 + j 0.1243 pu I24 = 0.1399 j 0.1511I31 = 0.1026 j 0.1108 pu I32 = 0.1151 j 0.1243 pu I34 = 0 puI41 = -0.0777 + j 0.0840 pu I42 = -0.1399 + j 0.1511 pu I43 = 0 puPower flow in the systemApparent flow from BUS i and BUS j can be calculated by voltage at the sending bus and line current. Sij (pu) = Vi * I*ij = Pij + jQij The calculation result from Matlab is as followsS12 = 0.0311 + j 0.0175 pu S13 = -0.1283 j 0.0723 pu S14 = 0.0972 + j 0.0548 puS21 = -0.0311 j 0.0174 pu S23 = -0.1438 j 0.0803 pu S24 = 0.1749 + j 0.0977 puS31 = 0.1283 + j 0.0780 pu S32 = 0.1438 + j 0.0875 pu S34 = 0 puS41 = -0.0972 j 0.0496 pu S42 = -0.1749 j 0.0892 pu S44 = 0 puAdmittance Matrix considering transmission line capacitanceAccording to the instruction of the Question 3, power system model can be drawn by using equivalent circuit of the lines with capacitive shunt admittance (yc) of 0.1 pu at each side as shown below.Admittance MatrixContrary to equivalent model in Question 3-1, the current flow through the capacitor in th e transmission line needs to be considered to find the admittance matrix. Therefore, considering the capacitors the current equation with Kirchhoffs current law at each bus is as follows 2 5Bus 1 I1 = I12 + I13 + I14 + Ic12 + Ic13 + Ic14 I1 = y12(V1-V2) + y13(V1-V3) + y14(V1-V4) + yc12V1 + yc13V1 + yc14V1Bus 2 I2 = I21 + I23 + I24 + Ic21 + Ic23 + Ic24 I2 = y21(V2-V1) + y23(V2-V3) + y24(V2-V4) + yc21V2 + yc23V2 + yc24V2Bus 3 I3 = I30 + I31 + I32 + Ic31 + Ic32 I3 = y30V3 + y31(V3-V1) + y32(V3-V2) + yc31V3 + yc32V3Bus 4 I4 = I40 + I41 + I42 + Ic41 + Ic42 I4 = y40V4 + y41(V4-V1) + y42(V4-V2) + yc41V4 + yc42V4Equation above can be rearranged to separate and group individual products by voltage.Bus 1 I1 = (y12 + y13 + y14 + yc12 + yc13+ yc14)V1 y12V2 y13V3 y14V4 = Y11V1 + Y12V2 + Y13V3 + Y14V4Bus 2 I2 = (y21 + y23 + y24 + yc21 + yc23+ yc24)V2- y21V1 y23V3 y24V4 = Y21V1 + Y22V2 + Y23V3 + Y24V4Bus 3 I3 = (y30 + y31 + y32 + yc31+ yc32)V3 y31V1 y32V2 = Y31V1 + Y32V2 + Y33V3 + Y34V4Bus 4 I4 = (y40 + y41 + y42 + yc41+ yc42)V4 y41V1 y42V2 = Y41V1 + Y42V2 + Y43V3 + Y44V4Finally, Diagonal elements Y(i,i) and off diagonal elements Y(i,j) of the admittance matrix are calculated as follows= y12 + y13 + y14 + yc12 + yc13+ yc14 = -j8 -j4 j2.5 + j0.1 + j0.1 +0.1j = -j14.2 pu= y21 + y23 + y24 + yc21 + yc23+ yc24 = -j8 -j4 j5 + j0.1 + j0.1 +0.1j = -j16.7 pu= y30 + y31 + y32 + yc31+ yc32 = -j08 -j4 j4 + j0.1 +0.1j = -j8.6 pu= y40 + y41 + y42 + yc41+ yc42 = -j0.8 -j2.5 j5 + j0.1 +0.1j = -j8.1 pu= y12 = -(-j8) = j8 pu = y13 = -(-j4) = j4 pu = y14 = -(-j2.5) = j2.5 pu= y21 = -(-j8) = j8 pu = y23 = -(-j4) = j4 pu = y24 = -(-j5) = j5 pu= y31 = -(-j4) = j4 pu = y32 = -(-j4) = j4 pu = y34 = 0 pu= y41 = -(-j2.5) = j2.5 pu = y42 = -(-j5) = j5 pu = y43 = 0 puTherefore, admittance matrix Ybus is as followsYbus = =Annex-1 Matlab source code and Calculation results with MatlabMatlab Source Code% define self admittance and mutual admittance by using admittace between% the buses (y12=y21=-j8, y13=y31=-j4, y14=y41=-j2.5, y23=y32=-j4,% y24=y42=-j5, y34=0, y43=0, y30=-j0.8, y40=-j0.8y12=-8i y21=-8i y13=-4i y31=-4i y14=-2.5i y41=-2.5i y23=-4i y32=-4iy24=-5i y42=-5i y34=0 y43=0 y30=-0.8i y40=-0.8iY11=-8i-4i-2.5i Y12=8i Y13=4i Y14=2.5iY21=8i Y22=-8i-4i-5i Y23=4i Y24=5iY31=4i Y32=4i Y33=-0.8i-4i-4i Y34=0Y41=2.5i Y42=5i Y43=0 Y44=-5i-2.5i-0.8i%Bus 3 and Bus 4 is not connected, so admittance Y34 and Y43 are equal to zero% define the 44 admittance matrix (Ybus)Ybus=Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 Y21 Y22 Y23 Y24 Y31 Y32 Y33 Y34 Y41 Y42 Y43 Y44% In order to define the nodal equation (I = Ybus*V), the given I needs to defined.i1=0 i2=0 i3=-i i4=-0.4808-0.4808iIbus=i1 i2 i3 i4% Each bus voltage can be calculated by using matrix division (V= YbusI)Vbus=YbusIbusv1=Vbus(1,1) v2=Vbus(2,1) v3=Vbus(3,1) v4=Vbus(4,1)% Calculate voltage difference between busesv12=v1-v2 v13=v1-v3 v14=v1-v4v21=v2-v1 v23=v2-v3 v24=v2-v4v31=v3-v1 v32=v3-v2 v34=v3-v4v41=v4-v1 v42=v4-v2 v43=v4-v3% current flo w between buses can be calculated by i12 = y12*(v1-v2)i12=y12*v12 i13=y13*v13 i14=y14*v14i21=y21*v21 i23=y23*v23 i24=y24*v24i31=y31*v31 i32=y32*v32 i34=y34*v34i41=y41*v41 i42=y42*v42 i43=y43*v43% apparent power can be calculated by s12 = v1 * conj(i12)s12=v1*conj(i12) s13=v1*conj(i13) s14=v1*conj(i14)s21=v2*conj(i21) s23=v2*conj(i23) s24=v2*conj(i24)s31=v3*conj(i31) s32=v3*conj(i32) s34=v3*conj(i34)s41=v4*conj(i41) s42=v4*conj(i42) s43=v4*conj(i43)% Real power and Reactive power can be derived by followingp12=real(s12) p13=real(s13) p14=real(s14)q12=imag(s12) q13=imag(s13) q14=imag(s14)p21=real(s21) p23=real(s23) p24=real(s24)q21=imag(s21) q23=imag(s23) q24=imag(s24)p31=real(s31) p32=real(s32) p34=real(s34)q31=imag(s31) q32=real(s32) q34=imag(s34)p41=real(s41) p42=real(s42) p43=real(s43)q41=imag(s41) q42=real(s42) q43=imag(s43) % endMatlab Calculation Results

Finding Nemo Film Analysis

decision Nemo Film AnalysisPixar Animation Studios made a large quench at the summer box office on May 30, 2003 with Finding Nemo. Directed by Andrew Stanton and Co-Director Lee Unkrich, Finding Nemo won an Oscar, thirty-four other awards, and thirty-five nominations also, the film was ranked in the top ten American Film Institutes list of the ten greatest films in the genre Animation in June 2008. With each(prenominal) of the movies accomplishments, how could i and only(a) non see this joyful movie? This film also stars Albert Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, and Alexander Gould (Finding Nemo). Finding Nemo is a tale of an adventurous young cl avouchfish, Nemo, who ends up in an aquarium. In search to find his son, Marlin finds dory, and the two of them encounter adventures and reunite with Nemo. Finding Nemo is a remarkable movie due to the enlightening theme, meticulous and glorious animation, and a well-played cast.The theme of Finding Nemo forms through a father-son love story. Se veral components of the story help interpret the message of the film. One major element is the concern closely Nemos short fin, a deformity that keeps Marlin mad. Stanton states Nemos disability is a metaphor for anything you worry is insufficient or hasnt formed yet in your child (Corliss). Pargonnts become worried about a handicap in their child and think that the disability is a corrupt view of the parent. This movie can teach parents that there is no perfect father or child, wish Marlin and Nemo. On Marlins journey, Marlin is set on finding his son when divers take Nemo on his journey he meets the persistent Crush who is the complete opposite of Marlin, relaxed with parenting. Corliss explains, When Marlin asks the sea turtle Crush how a father knows when his kids are ready to swim out on their own, the wise bronco buster replies, Well, you never re on the wholey know. But when they know, you know- yknow?(Corliss). Parents can relate to Crush and Nemos devoted dad that chil dren need to grow up and discover the world. The message of the movie is outstanding for parents the message is about letting go and get back. According to Corliss, Nemos fish-out-of-water plot was hatched back in 1992, when he visited Marine World in Vallejo, Calif. His feelings of protectiveness towards his own boy Ben inspired the father-son story (Corliss). By looking at the views of Stanton, readers may see how he and other parents feel about the letting go and getting back policy. Even though parents may find the policy hard to follow, watching this movie can help relieve the hard way of nervous strain by understanding the lesson of the movie. O Sullivan elucidates, Nemosfather is forced to enlist the aide of a beautiful stranger to decipher the only clue left at the offensive activity scene, even while the pair narrowly averts such threats as a trio of predatory thugs foundering in a 12-step program (O Sullivan). Through all of Marlins comical, action-packed, and nerve-ra cking encounters, he learns his lesson after gaining Nemo back, knowing when to hold means knowing when to let go.The spectacular animation is a huge hit in Finding Nemo. The almost impossible underwater animation requires many elements and hard work and Pixar has outdone it. The animation consists of glorious images that represent the ocean in varying degrees of darkness and light, stillness and turbulence, clarity and obscurity, and in ways that high light the myriad colors possessed by underwater life(McCarthy). McCarthy describes the underwater animation with such beauty that how could one resist to see the hard work paid off. In addition, the underwater detail is the product of meticulous effort. Ansen proclaims, High on the movies list of accomplishments is its creation of an submarine wonderland whose opalescent colors and shifting light reflect the enchanted aura of dreamy aquatic photography (Ansen). The movie successfully sustains a watery ambience, which is not an easy th ing to do given that water is semitransparent. With an unexpected beauty, Finding Nemo is able to portray decent use of color and form. According to Ebert, Finding Nemo is one of those rare movies where I want to sit in the front row and let the images wash out to the edges of my field of vision (Ebert).This animation makes people feel like they are inside the movie. Also, for many people, they could have a second-viewing for the effects.A perfect cast comments the perfect movie. Dory needing an enthusiastic personality was matched with the perfect voice, Ellen DeGeneres. Ansen believes, Ellen DeGeneres, hilarious and poignant, gives a tour de force reading (Ansen). DeGeneres attracts a prodigious crowd to Finding Nemo. According to Holden, Ms. DeGeneres infuses what could have been a one-note role with an irresistible enthusiasm and playfulness (Holden). Without her reading, Dory would not have the same personality. Other characters are also truly memorable. Michael O Sullivan obs erves, Pixars attention to minute details of characterizationlobsters speak with New England accents, seagulls are mindless, yapping clones fixate on their next mealpay off big time (O Sullivan). These voices also bring in the full effect of the characters and movie, making the movie very comical.Finding Nemos fame is an outcome of an unforgettable theme, breathtaking animation, and a comical and perfect-fitting cast. The paradox of love theme can relate to all parents and future parents. Furthermore, the spectacular and slender animation can warrant for a second viewing and make people feel in a state of reverie. Finally, the cast produces a immobilise success. This film is outstanding connecting to each person in the audience. Finding Nemo is a success to Pixar films and one must not resist seeing itWorks CitedAnsen, David. sacking Nemo A Whale of a Tale. Newsweek. Newsweek, Inc., 2 June 2003. Web. 12 January 2010.Corliss, Richard. Hook, Line, and Thinker. Time. Time Inc., 19 M ay 2003. Web. 12 January 2010.Ebert, Roger. Finding Nemo. Rogerebert.com. Rogerebert.com, 30 May 2003. Web. 14 January 2010.Finding Nemo. internet Movie Database. IMDb.com, Inc. Web. 27 January 2010.Holden, Stephen. Film Review Vast Sea, Tiny Fish. Big Crisis. The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 30 May 2003. Web. 13 January 2010.McCarthy, Todd. Finding Nemo. Variety. reed instrument Business Information, 26 May 2003. Web. 12 January 2010.O Sullivan, Michael. Finding Nemo This Fish Story is a Keeper. The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company, 30 May 2003. Web. 13 January 2010.

An Overview Of Immigrants In Malaysia

An Overview Of Immigrants In MalaysiaThroughout human history, migration of human beings is a pre-requisite of human progress and development. Without migration, human being would be doomed to an existence worse than that of the animals. counterbalance animals reincarnate to seek a intermit life. The first humans migrated out of Southern Africa thousands of years ago and spread doneout the world and people affirm been moving well-nigh since then. People also migrate because of factors like wars, poverty, discrimination, and for political or even religious discernments. In modern times, people a good deal migrate for security, work and even for education opportunities.Organised immigrant outwear migration and free immigration in Malaysia took place under the British colonial administration in the nineteenth century. During this period, the British required immigrant labour from China, India and Indonesia to help them in the exploitation of natural resources of the colonised c ountries establishing plantations and building pedestal. It is mainly because of immigrant labour provide a steady, adequate and sixpenny come forth of workers at a time when the locals labour was either deemed unsuitable or was not interested in working under the very(prenominal) acrid conditions as migrant labour. This period of free movement into Malaya saw large numbers arriving to work as well as returning home. However, because of free immigration and economical difficulties in the countries of origin, many immigrant workers decide to settle down in Malaya permanently.Malaysias rapid economic development since independence has relied on Malaysian workers moving from rural-to-rural and rural-to-urban areas and immigrant workers, curiously from Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and new(prenominal) Asian countries. In the case of movement from rural-to-rural areas, rapid migration was swift mainly by government noise in rural development and agriculture. Rural-to-urban migration accelerated after government intervention in urban and industrial development was stepped up, especially after the second Malaysia Plan.The agitate and pull factors at the foreign level in the region also caused workers to migrate to Malaysia for employment. The accelerated economic development programmes and the sustained high economic harvest-home rates in Malaysia over approximately three decades caused the influx of immigrant workers to meet the increasing demand in the Malaysian labour market.2.2 WHY PEOPLE transmigrate in that respect are many theories that adjudicate to explain why people migrate. Among others is the need and tense up theory30. This theory holds that every individual has got his own postulate to be fulfilled. These needs take various forms including economic, social, psychological and cultural. The higher the chances that an individuals needs will not able to be fulfilled, the higher the stress he suffers from. If this stress g rows beyond tolerable limits, the individual will force himself to move to a different area, which seems to promise possible fulfilment of his needs.The migration of people from one area to some other country is not a smart phenomena. Since early days of colonialism, the colonial powers travelled around the world in search for raw material and new territory. Some of them moved to seek for freedom of worship and some even moved because of the instability of the government. The migration of Muslims from British India to form an Islamic state of Pakistan is one of the biggest self-imposed migrations in history31.Wars and conflicts are another actor for mass movements of people and this kind of movement is categorized as refuges. Because of the situation are so serious, the international consciences were moved and many voluntary organisations were formed to assist these refugees. The Vietnamese Boat People is a good example of the mass movement of people of this nature. Today, we appease can see refugees fleeing their country because of war and a good example is the latest situation in Liberia and Sudan. These people who enter another country through unofficial channels are know as criminal immigrants who later, may create problem to the legions country.In modern days, seeking for a better life and a stable economy become the main factors that influences migration. Sociologist have long analysed migration in terms of the push-pull model32. This model differentiates between push factors that remove people to leave home from pull factors that attract migrants to a new location. Push factors occurs inwardly sending states, that is, those that send migrants abroad, while the pull factors occur within receiving states, that is states that received migrants from abroad. Push factors are negative aspects of the sending country, while pull factors are positive aspects of the receiving country33. In fact, these differentiating factors are really deuce sides of the same coin.In moving migrants must not only see a lack of benefits at home but also a surplus of benefits abroad. There are also more ambiguous factors, called network factors that can either facilitate or deter migration. Generally, the network factors are the networks of friends and relatives already settled in destination countries that serve as sources of information and anchor communities for newcomers34. The network factors also include, cost of travel, the ease of communication and international business trend. These factors are not connect to a specific country, but still have a profound effect on international migration.The Pull FactorGenerally, there are two factors attracting migrants to receiving countries. First, the higher standards of living and higher wages economic provide the both biggest push and pull factors for potential migrants35. Second, fight Demand almost all actual countries have found that they need immigrant labour. Rich economies create millions of ruminates that domestic workers refuse to fill but immigrant workers will cross borders to take36. In the case of Malaysia, a wave of labour migration began in the early 70s where shortage of labour became critical especially in the plantation sectors. In mid 80s, the labour shortage becomes subacute and this has attracted more immigrant workers into the country.The Push FactorGenerally, there are several reasons driving people to emigrate from their home country. First, lack of jobs/poverty economic provides the main reason behind migration37. In some countries jobs simply do not exist for a great deal of the population. In others, the opening between the rewards of labour in the sending and receiving country are great enough so as to warrant a move. Second, civil strife, war, political and religious persecution some migrants are compulsive to cross national borders by war or persecution at home38. Some of these migrants end up in receiving countries as refugees or asylum seeker s. Third, environmental problems39 environmental problems and natural disasters often cause the loss of money, homes and jobs.The NetworkingThe demand-pull of jobs is linked to the supply push of low wages and joblessness by migration networks. Migration network encompasses everything that enables people to learn about opportunities abroad and take advantage of them. Others are motivated to go abroad by family members who are working or settled down in the host country, contractors, labour brokers and other often-shadowy middlemen or tekong who promise the migrants better deals.2.3 WHY MALAYSIA BECOME MIGRANT DESTINATIONThe theory of migration occurs because of the sending and receiving factors mainly due to the push-pull and supply-demand forces. The influx of immigrant workers to Malaysia is not a recent phenomena. Malaysia replicates the complexity of international migration that exercises both of imports and exports of labour. Better economic suppuration and Malaysias geographi cal location that shares common borders with it neighbouring countries has become a pull-factor for migration to Malaysia. In contrast, the economic diversity, inequality and poverty in the country of origin serve as the push-factor for them to migrate, work outing for jobs and better living. Generally, there are many other reasons why these immigrant workers postulate Malaysia as their destination. First, Malaysia geographical location, second, the stable and sound government, third, labours shortage, fourth, higher wages and finally, the employer attitudes.Geographical LocationMalaysia geographical location, which is in the centre of South East Asia is easily well-disposed either by land or sea. In addition, the easy access and the shortage of enforcing agencies along the extended shores and entry points into Malaysia have caused the entry of many vile immigrants undetected.Stable and Sound GovernmentSince independence, Malaysia has been governed by a stable government and wi th sound economic growth. This political and economical stability has become the main lot for migration. Comparatively, Malaysia has been seen as the most stable nation in this region in comparison to her neighbours. As much(prenominal), others have regarded this country as an oasis in the region.Labour ShortageMalaysia has been experiencing a very high level of industrial development and it has developed further to be classified as a newly alter country. Therefore, from the human assets perspective the country has generated a huge demand of the work force especially unskilled workers for immediate employment in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. The labour shortage in Malaysia has become an important issues and employing immigrant workers is considered to be the most viable short-term solution.Higher WagesGenerally, the immigrant workers in Malaysia can be regarded as an economic migrant. Comparatively, Malaysian employers pay higher wages to the immigrant workers for a s imilar job back home. This situation is made even worse, where the wages offered is considered low for the local workers. Thus, it opens the job opportunities to the immigrant workers.The Employer AttitudeThe Malaysian employers attitude is also another pulling factors that attracted foreign workers. Beside that, it is suspected that there has been a simultaneous entry of huge number of abominable workers as well. Similar to the legal workers, the illegal workers were also employed in the construction, manufacturing and service sectors at a very low wage rate. It is a known fact that employers prefer this arrangement for various reasons such as a overturn overhead cost and preventing them from registering to the Employees Provident Fund (EPF), Social Security brass section (SOCSO), medical and social benefits. For the illegal immigrants, because of their unlawful status, they become less demanding in terms of salary and other privileges. As for the employers, in order to boost th eir production, the illegal immigrant workers can be easily employed to work extra hours with minimum wages.2.4 THE MIGRANT COUNTRY OF ORIGINMost of the immigrant workers in Malaysia came from her neighbouring countries Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand40. However, in early 90s, immigrant workers from Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and a couple of(prenominal) other countries started to dominate the Malaysias labour workforce. Therefore, it is only realistic to identify the country of origin of the immigrant workers and examine the push factors that make them migrate to this country.IndonesiaBeing the largest country in this region with 1.9 million sq km, Indonesia is facing administrative problems in trying to govern the nations vast regions equally. To develop the whole country, it requires massive effort and resources and this have created a gap between the provinces. Some parts of the country enjoy multi multi-fold development while others are still left far behind41.The probl ems of socio-economy seem to have centred on its big population, since Indonesia is the fourth most populous country with approximately 225 million. The Indonesian economy is dependence on oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber and palm oil. However, the express mail resources and infrastructure available were not adequate to accommodate the demands of growing population42. This among other factors has caused poverty, which is estimated 24% of its population. Beside that, unprecedented turmoil in recent years, first the Asian pecuniary crisis, followed by the fall of President Suharto, the first free election since 1960, the loss of East Timor, independence demands from restive provinces, bloody inter-ethnic and religious conflict and devastating tsunami had correct the economic situation, increased the inflation and unemployment rates.ThailandLike Indonesia, Thailand is also facing the problem of poverty, where 80% of the population lives in the rural areas and most of them are poor farmers. The reason is simple the Thai government is concentrating more on defence rather than the socio-economy development of the country.PhilippinesThe Philippines, which consist of 3,666 islands, is facing almost similar problem like Indonesia in terms of administration and developments of the provinces. Beside that, religious conflict between Islam and Christian has imposed serious threat to the country. This is coupled with the uneven development between the provinces, which has created a disparity situation amongst the citizen while the armed revolution by the militant groups in Southern Philippines post a major threat to its internal security.BangladeshThis small country with a large population is facing many problems. The high rates of poverty and political instability of the country has influenced the citizen to look for better opportunities in other countries. The country also constantly experiences natural disaster such as floods and drought, which made the situatio n worst.MyanmarThe close policy of Myanmar to the outside world is one of the reasons for the retardent of the country. The poverty rates is very high amongst the population of 85% Buddhist. Being a poor country, Myanmar faces the same socio-economy problem and political instability, which hinder the development of the country.NepalWith its antique culture and the Himalaya as a backdrop, the landlocked Kingdom of Nepal has for many years been the destination of choice for foreign travellers in search of adventure. The country with an area of 147,181 sq km and 26.3 million people is one of the poorest countries in the world where more than 40% of its population is estimated to live in poverty. Being a landlocked country with limited agriculture and other industries, Nepal economy relies mainly on phaeton industries.However, the current political turmoil and the growing Maoist guerrilla insurgency movement that keeps the tourist away are now undermining the Nepal economies. Maoist r ebels have been waging a campaign against the constitutional monarchy in a conflict that has left more than 11,000 people stagnant since it started in 1996. Based on the UN reports, it is indicated that, the rebellion has displaced more than 100,000 people43. Nepal also has been at odds with neighbouring Bhutan over the repatriation of thousands of refugees living in camps in Nepal. The refugees, Bhutanese of Nepali descent fled violence in their homeland in early 1990s. With these ongoing problems, worsen economy and political situation has drive away the people to look for a better living in other countries.Other CountriesOther than the countries mentioned, there are also immigrant workers from India, Pakistan, China, Middle East and even African countries. These countries are also facing the same socio-economy problem and political instability. However, the numbers is not as high as the other immigrants from the Malaysias neighbouring countries. Some enter the country de jure but had extended their stay although their visa had expired. Their main reason in doing so is to earn a better living in this country.2.5 SUMMARYIn summary, Malaysia needs the immigrant workers for the development, but their presence should not dominate the labour work force because they will definitely pose some positive and negative impact as well as threat to the national security. The positive and negative impact of their presence varies. From the economic perspective, their employment helped the continuous development and economic growth of the country by filling the gap of the acute labour shortages. On contrary, their presence and employment depress wages and this has reduced the competitiveness of local workers and frustrates attempt made by the trade unions to improve their working terms and conditions. A productive and competitive workforce is crucial for Malaysia in order to develop a knowledge-based economy and to achieve its aspiration of becoming a fully developed nat ion. However, most of the immigrant workers are unskilled or semi skilled labours with lower academic background. Therefore, the government has to formulate a comprehensive policy governing this requirement, which will definitely incur extra cost and procedures to the employer. As a result of this bureaucracy, the employer often blamed the process of importing workers as being lengthy and tedious process. Therefore, they recruited illegal workers who are readily available for employment.Socially, being less educated, poor and lower social class, these immigrants workers seem to be un-stabled economically, physically and mentally. As a result, negative contenders for a better living can emerged from these situations. For example their incursion into non-designated jobs like petite trading imposes unnecessary competition to the local traders. They also compete with the locals for cheaper housing especially in the urban areas, which resulted the rise in rental and short supply of hou ses. Some of them are even move into developing new illegal squatters and this has impose strain on the basic amenities in the areas. Any slightest conflicts resulted from this competition might turn into social clashes between the immigrants and the locals.Immigrant workers have also been seen as a threat to security and political stability. This stems from their ignorance of the countrys law. This can be seen from various activities such as, illegal entry, involve in criminal activities, over staying, opening government land illegally, and many others. These activities will definitely have serious implication on security. unlawful entry for examples, implies that Malaysias has porous borders and was unable protect the borders, allowing not only economic migrants to come through but also any subversive elements. Illegal entry will also enables those with contagious diseases to filter through and spread it to the population.